矿业可持续发展新论

A discussion about the meaning of the sustainable development of mining

矿业是国民经济的基础产业,矿业可持续发展是国民经济可持续发展的先决条件。但由于矿业的行业特殊性,使得矿业可持续发展理论研究进展缓慢,有关概念亟待完善。可持续发展的矿业应是"对矿产资源进行勘探、开采、遴选、冶炼、回收以及替代资源开发的产业",其产品在效用上应能满足社会永续发展的需要,其生产对生态环境的破坏不超过环境的承载力,其经济和社会效益应能稳定增长,其增长速度接近于社会各产业的平均速度。实现矿业可持续发展目标的途径为:(1)实行生态型矿业发展模式;(2)提高矿业职工素质和生活质量;(3)进行非传统矿产资源勘查和替代资源开发。

Mining is a basic industry of national economy. The former's sustainable development is a necessary condition for the latter's sustainable development. Because of the industrial particularity of mining, however, the study about mining's sustainable development theories has made slow headway and some conceptions need to be perfected. The mining in a state of sustainable development should be 'the industry which engages in prospecting, exploiting, choosing, smelting and reclaiming mineral resources and developing its substitutes.' The usefulness of the products of the mining should meet the demands of social permanent development. The destruction caused by the production of the mining should not excess the environmental bearing capacity. The economic and social benefits should increase stably. The increasing rate of the benefits should be close to the average increasing rate of the benefits of all social industries. The Avenues to realize the goal of mining's sustainable development are: 1. Putting into effect the mode of ecological mining; 2. Enhancing the quality and living standard; 3. Prospecting non-traditional mineral resources and developing substitutes of minerals.