书院大师朱熹的科举生涯与科举观评析

The Comment on Academy Tutor Zhu-xi’s Imperial Examination Career and Viewpoint

朱熹是南宋新儒学的集大成者 ,他在推动南宋书院发展的同时 ,对科举制度提出了严厉的批评 ,但他并不从根本上否定科举制度。在苦读应试经历的感性认识基础上 ,朱熹提出了重视德业修养的科举观 ,反对片面追求科举功名。这是新儒家在频繁禁学的背景下 ,为规避禁学的压制 ,利用其对学术话语权的掌握来参与现实问题的主要内容之一。因此 ,自 2 0世纪 30年代开始 ,不少研究者所持的南宋书院反科举的观点就值得商榷了。

As the greatest scholar in south Song dynasty, Zhu xi promoted the academy′s development, and severely criticized the system of Imperial Examinations contemporarily. Zhu xi took Imperial Examinations at his nineteen years old, and he did not deny the system of Imperial Examinations radically. In zhu xi′s opinion, Academy students can sit for Imperial Examinations on condition that they cultivated morality by learning Confucian’s classical works. It was a suspectable view that a few scholars studying education history have believed the Academy tutors opposing Imperial Examinations since 1930′s.