水质管理中经济手段的应用

Economic means for water quality management

根据水污染及其外部不经济性的概念和成因,从环境管理学及环境经济学角度全面阐述了目前国内外在水环境管理中采用的排污收费,排污权交易,建立控污银行,产品收税,使用者收费或成本分摊,污染赔偿及罚款,对采用先进技术设备或生产方式的清洁生产者提供优惠价格或低息、无息贷款等经济政策及其效果,讨论了通过经济途径控制水污染以有效改善水质存在的优点及不足。

Based on the negative externality of economics caused by water pollution, an overall introduction is given to some economic policies adopted in water environment management at home and abroad. The policies include charge for pollution discharge, effluent trading, establishment of a special bank for pollution remediation, levying tax on products, cost sharing, reparation and amercement for pollution discharge, and providing favorable price and loans without or with low interest to those producers who adopt advanced technologies, equipment and modes of production. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the economic approaches to water environment management and water quality improvement are analyzed.