外来入侵植物成灾的机制及防除对策

Disastrous mechanisms and control strategies of alien invasive plants

外来入侵植物是指自然或人为地由原生态系统中引入到新生境的植物 ,会给新生境或其中的物种带来威胁。紫茎泽兰从缅甸自然进入云南 ,其原产地是墨西哥 ;水葫芦从墨西哥引进用作饲料 ,而大米草是从英国南海岸引入用于促淤护堤。 3种外来入侵植物给我国当地的生产、生活等带来了极大的威胁 ,破坏了生态系统 ,影响了生物的多样性。对它们的治理费用昂贵。其繁殖力、适应性和抗逆性极强 ,竞争力也极强或本身拥有化感特性或特殊器官 ,同时又耐瘠、耐污 ,并且在本地还缺乏有力的竞争生物和天敌 ,是 3种外来入侵植物势不可挡 ,扩散蔓延的成灾机制。致力于外来入侵植物的国家能力建设和综合治理是

Alien invasive plant is one that is introduced from original ecosystems to new ones by nature force or human activity,which endangers the new environment or native plant species.Among three alien invasive plants,Eupatorium adenophorum had spread from Mexico to Yunna Province of China through Burma by nature force,while Eichhornia crassipes was invited to China from Mexico as forage crop and Spartina angli was introduced to China from south coast of Great Britain used as plant to protect embankment or dam.The three alien invasive plants threatened the production and life of local people,seriously damaged the ecological systems,and affected the biodiversity.The disastrous mechanisms of the three alien invasive plants spreading rapidly in China were due to their strong reproductive ability,adaptation and resistance,along with strong competitive ability and the allelopathic characteristics or with specific organ per se,also with the resistance to barrenness and pollution and short of local competently competitive organisms or natural enemies.Implement action for integrated management of alien invasive plants is probably effective control strategies.