海洋石油污染物的微生物降解与生物修复

Biodegradation and bioremediation of petroleum contaminants in seawater

石油是海洋环境的主要污染物 ,已经对海洋及近岸环境造成了严重的危害。微生物降解是海洋石油污染去除的主要途径。海洋石油污染物的微生物降解受石油组分与理化性质、环境条件以及微生物群落组成等多方面因素的制约 ,N和P营养的缺乏是海洋石油污染物生物降解的主要限制因子。在生物降解研究基础上发展起来的生物修复技术在海洋石油污染治理中发展潜力巨大 ,并且取得了一系列成果。介绍了海洋中石油污染物的来源、转化过程、降解机理、影响生物降解因素及生物修复技术等方面内容 ,强调了生物修复技术在治理海洋石油污染环境中的优势和重要性 ,指出目前生物修复技术存在的问题。

Petroleum is the main contaminant in seawater,which has severely damaged sea and beach environments.Microbial degradation of petroleum contaminants is considered as to be the major decomposition process for decomposing petroleum contaminants in seawater and of great practical interest for implementation of bioremediation.The degradation process is restricted by petroleum composition and characteristics,environment condition and microbiological community composition.Element N and P were the major restriction factors.The reviews on the foundation of bioremediation,microbial community,degradation mechanism and methods were presented and the shortages and prospects of bioremediation in seawater were discussed.