新疆水稻种子真菌区系的初步调查

Mycoflora of Fungus Present on Newly Harvested Seeds of Rice in Xinjiang

运用国际种子检验协会(ISTA)的统一检验规程,首次对新疆米泉、伊宁等地新收(1991)水稻种了真菌区系做了初步的调查。从带壳稻种、稻壳、米粒上及洗涤处理共分(?)得13属22种真菌,它们是:细交链孢霉(Alternaria alternata)、稻交链孢霉(A.oryzae)、阿姆斯特丹曲霉(Aspergillus amstelodami)、黄曲霉(A.flavus)、赭曲霉(A.ochraceus)、杂色曲霉(A.verscolor)、麦根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globasum)、草木枝孢(Cldosporium herbarum)、三宅枝孢(C.miyakei)、新月弯孢霉(Curvularia lunata)、节状(?)孢菌(Fusarium merismoides)、串珠镰孢菌较小变种(F.moniliforme var.minus)、尖孢镰孢菌(P.oxysporum)、粉红粘帚孢(Gliocladium roseum)、稻黑孢菌(Nigrospora oryzae)球黑孢菌(N.sphaerica)、产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、桔青霉(P.cilrinum)、颖苞茎点霉(Phomaglumarum)、稻梨孢菌(Piricularia oryzae)和黑根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)。各种处理的结果表明田间真菌平均检出率高于贮藏真菌的平均检出率,而且,稻种上田间真菌的检出率越高,发芽率就越低。结果还表明不同水稻品种及不同地区水稻的种了带菌状况有所不同:糯稻的带菌种类、检出率及表面带菌量最大,粳稻次之,籼稻最少;来自伊宁市的稻种上的田间及贮藏真菌的检出率均高于米泉县的稻种。文中对上述结果做了探讨性论述。

According to standard procedures of the International Seed Testing Associ-ation (ISTA),the newly harvested sceds of rice from Miqiuan and Yinin,Xinjiang were ex-amined for the presence of fungal contamination.Thirteen fungal genera representing 22species were recovcrcd from the rough rice,rice hull and rice grain,using “Blotter”,PDAand washing methods.They are:Alternaria alternata,A.oryzae,Aspergillus amstelodami,A.favus,A.ochraceus,A.versicolor,Bipolaris sorokiniana,Chaetomium globasum,Cladosporium herbarum,C.miyakei,Curvularia lunata,Fusarium merismoides,F.monili forme var.minus,F.oxysporum,Gliocladium roseum,Nigrospora oryzae,N.sphaerisa,Penicillium chrysogenum,P.citrinum,Phoma glumarum,Piricularia oryzae andRhizopus stolonifer.The rcsults show that the average contamination rates of ficld fungusare higher than that of storage mould,and the higher the rates of field fungus,the lower theseed germinations are.Therice varieties vary in fungus contaminations:glutinous rice>round grain nonglutinous rice > nonglutinous rice.There are also some differences be-tween locations in seed contaminations.The rice seeds from Yinin are higherthan thosefrom Miqiuan for both storage mould and field fungus,on reason of which,the paper hasgaven a brief discussion.