董作宾:乡土研究的先驱

Dong Zuobin:the Pioneer of Rural Research

20世纪中国民间文艺学史上存在过多种流派，如歌谣研究会、文学人类学派、社会一民族学派、“古史辨”派神话学、民俗学派、俗文学学派、延安学派等。作为第一个流派的歌谣研究会，是一个颇松散的团体和流派，其中持乡土研究观点的学者，如顾颉刚、常惠、董作宾、台静农、钟敬文、罗香林、白启明、刘经菴等，在歌谣研究会流派中占主流地位。本文以董作宾的《看见她》母题研究及其他研究为个例，阐明乡土研究思潮是20世纪中国现代民间文艺学的最早的一种研究思潮，董作宾(以及顾颉刚等)在实践和理论上的成就，奠定了中国民间文艺学作为一个独立的人文学科的最初的理论基础。本文从(1)“母题”的引入和比较研究的实践，(2)家乡歌谣学应时而生，(3)考订与考订者，(4)综合研究模式的尝试四个方面，对董作宾的民间文艺学思想遗产和历史地位作历史的考察。

Chinese folk Literature has many schools in 20th century such as folksong -studying school,literature anthropology school,social-nationality school,ancient history differentiation mythology school,folklore school,folk literature school and Yan'an school.As the first one,folksong -studying school is a loose group in which those hold the point of view of rural research,likeGujiegang,Changhui,Dongzuobin;Taijinnong,Zhongjingwen,Luoxianglin,Baiqiming,Liu jing'an,are playing a leading role.This article argued that the thinking trend of rural research is the earliest and most productive school of Chinese folk literature in 20th century by taking Dongzuobin's motif study of Looking at her as a case.The achievements of Dongzuobin along with Gujiegang in theory and practice lay an initial theoretical basis for Chinese folk literature as an independent humanity science.The paper studies Dongzuobin's Chinese folk literature heritages and his historical status in four aspects: the introduction of motif and the practice of comparative study,the rise of home-song study conforming to the time,textual research and researcher;the try at the synthetical study pattern.