宗教信仰与族群边界——以保安族为例

Religious Belief and the Ethnic Boundaries

“回回”原为一个以宗教来认同的族群集体。建国以后，国家承认了“回回”的民族身份，定名为回族，并依据斯大林民族定义进一步将原一律包含进“回回人”中的别具自身文化特点的一些群体识别为单独的少数民族，如保安族、东乡族和撒拉族。这样，在甘青宁地区穆斯林社会中又出现了一道新的社会边界——民族。那么，在当代社会生活中，在这个由宗教提供最主要的社会互动关联体系的社会中．人们如何区分群体?怎样确定群体之间的互动规则?基于宗教信仰差异的社会边界和国家认定的民族边界分别发挥着什么样的作用?社会生活中真实的族群边界是什么?本文试图以保安族为例回答上述问题。

Hui Hui' was a congregation in terms of religious identity in the past.After the founding of China P R,it is regarded as an ethnic group and divided into some single minorities such as Bonan,Dongxiang and Salar according to Stalin's concept of 'min zu'.So another boundary appears in Moslem community of Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia.Then in their society where religion is the main basis of social interaction ,how do the people there distinguish themselves from others? and the rules of interactions? What role do the social boundary based on religious differences and the ethnic boundary set by the state play individually? What's the real ethnic boundary in daily life? The author intends to answer all the questions above-mentioned taking Bonan as an example.