我国长角血蜱孤雌生殖种群的发现和生物学特性的研究

Discovery of Parthenogenesis Population of Haemaphysalis longicornis in China and Its Biological Characteristic

目的 研究长角血蜱的生物学特性。方法 从上海野生动物园鹿区草地采集 1只长角血蜱 ,在实验室条件下 ( 2 5℃ ,92 %RH ,黑暗条件 ,兔体饲血 ) ,经 3代繁殖饲养和染色体标本观察。结果 成蜱阶段均无雄蜱 ,但雌蜱可正常繁殖后代。蜱胚细胞染色体数为 3 0～ 3 6个 ,未发现性染色体。生物学特性研究发现 ,幼蜱和若蜱阶段的体重大于已报道的两性生殖种群 ,但成蜱较小 ,饱血雌蜱重量明显小于两性生殖种群。结论 该长角血蜱为孤雌生殖种群 ,属国内首次报道。

Objective To understand the biological characteristic of population of Haemaphysalis longicornis in China. Methods A strain of Haemaphysalis longicornis from Shanghai was studied on its life cycle and chromosome under laboratory conditions ( 25 ℃ ,92%RH, dark and feeding on rabbit). No male ticks were found in all adults in three consecutive generations. Results The female ticks can propagate offspring normally and this strain ticks can develop through whole life cycle. Chromosome amounts to 30-36 , no sex chromosome was observed. The biological characters of this population are similar to bisexual population, but the weight of larva and nymph are bigger than the latter's, the adult is smaller. The engorgement female is obviously lighter. Conclusion Results showed that this stain of ticks belonged to parthenogenesis population of Haemaphysalis longicornis . This paper first reports parthenogenesis population of Haemaphysalis longicornis in China.