外来入侵害虫红脂大小蠹对寄主挥发物的反应

Response of the red turpentine beetle,Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to host semiochemicals and its implication in management

20 0 2年 ,利用寄主挥发性物质 (+) α 蒎烯、(- ) β 蒎烯、3 蒈烯和 (- ) 柠檬烯按不同配比制成诱芯 ,采用自行研制的挥发物释放装置 ,在山西省关帝山森林经营局西葫芦林场对危害油松PinustabulaeformisCarr .的重大外来入侵林业害虫红脂大小蠹DendroctomusvalensLeConte进行了引诱试验。结果表明 ,3 蒈烯对红脂大小蠹的引诱作用最强 ,明显优于单独使用 (+) α 蒎烯和 (- ) β 蒎烯的诱虫效果 ,也比北美应用的标准诱芯 [(+) α 蒎烯、(- ) β 蒎烯与 3 蒈烯的比例为 1∶1∶1]效果好 ;在标准诱芯中加入油松另一主要成分——— (- )柠檬烯会明显降低诱虫效果。红脂大小蠹引诱剂最佳释放量为 15 0mg d。该研究不仅对我国红脂大小蠹的监控具有实际应用意义 ,也从理论上探讨了红脂大小蠹与寄主油松协同进化的化学生态学过程。

The red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte, an invasive pest from the United States became a major forest pest in its invading areas since its first outbreak in Shanxi Province, China in 1999. As an exotic pest, effective detection and monitoring is top priority in containing its further damage. The response of RTB to its host semiochemicals was explored in Shanxi Province using Lindgren funnel trap. The results indicated that 3-carene was found to be the most attractive host monoterpene tested, and it attracted significantly more beetles than did any other single or ternary blend, which was distinctly different from the previous reports conducted in its native range, west coast of the United States. The mechanism for this regional variation of RTB response to host volatiles was discussed. Increase of (-)-β-pinene did not result in any increase of beetles trapped while adding limonene which is another main component in volatile profile of Pinus tabulaeformis, to the standard lure used in North America (a 1∶1∶1 blend of (+)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, and 3-carene) significantly decreased RTB response. The effect of release rate on RTB response was tested by using the standard blend at 110 mg/day, 150 mg/day, 180 mg/day and 210 mg/day, and 150 mg/day was found to be the most optimal release rate for RTB in terms of both attractiveness and economic efficiency. Thus, this effective RTB lure can be used in RTB monitoring and control.