新疆地区气候与环境变化对沙尘暴的影响研究

Influence of Climate and Environment Change on Dust Storms in Xinjiang,China

根据新疆地区 5 0年来的气候变化以及人类活动的影响 ,阐述了新疆沙尘暴源区气候与荒漠环境变化。结果表明 ,新疆地区的气候由暖干向暖湿发展。自 2 0世纪 70年代中期以来 ,暖湿过程非常明显 ,特别是新疆南疆与北疆的气候变化特点和高山与盆地的气候变化差异以及湖泊其他水域面积的变化 ,都明显地反映了干旱区域气候变化的敏感性 ,并且也反映了新疆区域气候与中国中、东部气候变化的差异性。由于气候的波动和人类活动的干扰 ,使不同地区的荒漠环境受到不同程度影响。干旱地区的降水、大气湿度、下垫面状况等都直接影响着沙尘暴的发生和发展。沙尘暴的发生频率和强度与沙尘源区的状况及其气候与荒漠环境变化以及动力条件 (即天气系统 )等具有密切的关系。因此 ,2 0世纪 80年代后期以来 ,气候变暖是造成干旱区生态环境恶化、自然灾害尤其是风沙灾害和沙尘暴增多的主要原因之一。同时 ,也反映出内陆干旱区是气候变化的敏感反应区。

The desert environment change in the source areas of dust storms occurring in Xinjiang is discussed based on the climate change and the impacts of human activities in Xinjiang in recent 50 years. The results show that the climate in Xinjiang is changing from warming-drying type to warming-wetting type. The climate warming-wetting is quite obvious since the mid-1970s,especially the sensitivity of the regional climate change in this arid area is obviously revealed by many factors,such as the characteristics of the local climate change in south and north Xinjiang,the difference of climate change in the alpine zones and the basins,and the change of areas of the waters,and these factors also reveal the difference of the regional climate change between Xinjiang and central and eastern areas of China. Because of the climate fluctuation and the disturbance of human activities,the occurrence and development of dust storms are directly affected by the precipitation,air humidity,status of underlying surface,etc. in the arid areas. The occurring frequency and intensity of dust storms are closely related to the natural conditions,change of climate and desert environment as well as the forcing conditions (i.e.,weather systems) in the source areas of dust storms. Therefore,climate warming is one of the main causes resulting in the degeneration of the ecological environment and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters,especially the disasters of sand drift and dust storms in the arid areas since the late-1980s,which reveals that the continental arid areas are the sensitive regions to climate change.