有年无量历史洪水在设计洪水计算中的应用

Application of the Historical Flood Records With Occurring Years but without Volumes in Estimation of Design Floods

内陆干旱区水文站网稀少 ,尤其是中小河流 ,连序、完整的洪水资料比较短缺 ,设计洪水计算的基本条件难以满足 ,为提高洪水系列代表性 ,基本途径是增加洪水系列的信息量。在已往的设计洪水计算中均采用已有连序系列加有年有量历史调查洪水值。但是 ,在历史洪水调查与考证中 ,既能查明洪水量级 ,也能考证出发生年份的历史洪水的资料极少 ,而只能调查出考证期而查不出洪水值的‘有年无量历史洪水’资料的较多 ,所以对这部分资料的合理、充分应用 ,是设计洪水计算中新的问题。本文针对有年无量历史洪水在设计洪水计算中的应用 ,进行了分析、探讨 ,其结果认为 :采用 ,能增大对有年无量历史洪水资料的历史洪水信息量 ,提高洪水系列代表性 ,合理确定统计参数 ,提高设计洪水成果精度 ,对工程设计具有十分重要的作用。

Hydrological stations are less in the continental arid areas,especially the serial and complete flood data of the middle and small rivers are less,the basic conditions for estimating the design floods are difficult to satisfy. In order to increase the representativeness of flood series,the basic way is to increase the information of flood series. The historical serial flood values with occurring years and volumes were applied in estimating the designed floods in the past. However,the historical flood data with both occurring years and volumes are extremely less,the available historical flood data with occurring years but without volumes are relatively more,and it is a new issue to rationally and fully apply these data in estimating the designed floods. This paper analyzes the historical flood data with occurring years but without volumes and researches their application in estimating the design floods. It is considered that,by taking some calculation methods,the information of the historical flood records with occurring years but without volumes can be increased,the representativeness of flood series can be raised,the statistical parameters can be rationally determined,and the accuracy the design floods can be increased.