聚合物基导电复合材料的电阻机械效应(RME)

Resistance-mechanical effect of polymer-matrix conducting composites

综述了聚合物基导电复合材料的电阻机械效应(re sistance mechanicaleffect,RME),列举了RME的各种表现及其可能的内在机制,介绍了改善RME循环稳定性的方法。RME取决于导电填料和基体性质两方面因素,包括填料种类和形态分布、填料体积分数、基体粘弹性、基体与填料的相互作用。其次,应力或应变大小、加载方式和加载速率、加工方法以及环境温度和湿度等也是影响RME的重要因素。对于纤维填充复合体系,影响因素还包括纤维取向与长径比、外力方向等。

The experimental researches and theoretic descriptions of the resistance-mechanical effect (RME) for polymer-matrix conducting composites were reviewed. RME was affected by many factors including the characteristics and the interaction of the filler and the matrix, the filler volume fraction, the applied stress or strain, as well as the processing conditions, the environmental temperature and humidity. For the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, it also depends on the aspect ratio and the orientation of the fibers with respect to the load direction. Due to the complexity of RME, its stability and reproducibility were usually not satisfactory for engineering applications. Several investigations have shown that such disadvantages could be partially overcome with mechanical preconditioning or by choosing appropriate filler with certain content. Finally, we proposed our suggestions on further researches in this area.