也论中西精神——与张秀成先生商榷

On Western and Chinese Spirit ——A dialogue with Mr. Zhang Xiucheng

本文认为 ,中学和西学各有优劣 ,应互相吸取 ,但在总体上是西学优于中学。首先 ,在思维方式上 ,西学的分析思维 ,使西方社会分工较细 ,促进了社会化大生产的产生 ;也使西学学科门类众多 ;西学在方法上崇尚专精深 ,对任何问题都穷追不舍 ,非要证明或证伪 ,促进了科学的进步。中学的综合思维则使中国社会分工不细 ,学科门类不多 ,在研究方法上则不究细节。其次在义利关系上 ,西方私有神圣 ,最后却私也有了公也有了 ;中国公有神圣 ,改革开放前却公也没有私也没有。再次 ,在男女关系上 ,西学以个体为本 ,正是为了自身的尊严不受侵犯 ,才不得侵犯他人的尊严 ,这就有了平等精神。相反 ,古代中国的根本大法是三纲五常 ,夫为妻纲、男尊女卑 ,被论述为符合阳主阴辅的天道法则 ,追求男女平等 ,就是违反天道 ,就会被天诛地灭 ,中国没有男女平等。

the thesis aims to demonstrate the general superiority of Western Studies over Chinese studies. First, as for the way of thinking, the analysis thinking of Western studies promotes the further division of western society and the emergence of social production, and Western studies advocates sophistication, and further exploration, thus promoting the social progress, while Chinese studies emphasizes a rough social division, less disciplines and less detailed research methods; second, as for public and private interests, Western Studies puts much emphasis on privacy, while collectivism weights highly in Chinese studies. third, as for the relationship between male and female, individualism is the base of Western studies, individual dignity is highly respected and thus the spirit of equality is born, on the contrary, in Chinese Studies, the subordination of female is well accepted and it is built on the rule of Heaven, therefore there is no equality between male and female in ancient China since the practice of equality is against the will and rule of Heaven.