崩坍落石灾害模型及其防治工程决策

HAZARD MODEL AND PREVENTION ENGINEERING DECISION OF COLLAPSE AND ROCKFALL

崩坍落石灾害是常见的山区地质灾害之一。本文总结西南山区铁路崩坍落石灾害防治工程经验,提出便于工程决策的崩坍落石灾害模型。倾倒、坠落、剥落、错落、坠落、弹跳、滚动,自由落体冲击破坏、侧面撞击破坏,频繁或经常、偶然或不经常,大规模、中小规模、零星。崩坍落石灾害具有隐蔽性、不确定性,其防治工程决策主要应从对崩坍落石灾害危害程度的认识和对崩坍落石灾害危害风险的把握两方面入手。决策方法:基于对崩坍落石灾害危害程度的认识,设计防止灾害产生或减轻灾害的工程措施;根据对崩坍落石灾害风险的认识,对防治工程作取舍。

Collapse and rockfall is familiar geohazard in the mountainous area. After summarizing the prevention experiences on collapse and rockfall in the railway engineering in the Southwest, the paper puts forward the hazard models of collapse and rockfall, which include toppling, falling, scaling, dislocating, bouncing, rolling, serious destroy by freely falling bodies and lateral percussive destroy. The prevention decisions should fully be understood in the hazard degree of and the hazard venture collapse and rockfall. Based on the understanding of the hazard degree, the corresponding engineering measurements for preventing or reducing the hazard are designed.