英语的否定

Negation in English

否定是关于陈述句中个别词语或者整个陈述的否定过程和结果。否定可分为语义否定和语用否定。语义否定是否定句子表达的命题的真实性,即否定句子的真值条件。而语用否定指的是对语句的适宜条件的否定,否定的是语句的隐含意义或言外之意,即非真值的意义。它是利用语境手段而实现的否定,其实现的过程需要人类的认知参与。在日常话语中,语义否定往往结合使用语用否定,使话语意义更加确定、完善、丰满。

Negation, the process or goal of negating the meaning of a single word or the whole declaration of a declarative sentence, can be realized by means of meaning approach or pragmatic one. Meaning negation is to negate the truth value of the meaning of a proposition, but pragmatic negation, which involves the participation of human' s mentality, to negate the felicity condition of a sentence, negating its implicature through context. In the response to a daily utterance, meaning negation usually co- occurs with pragmatic negation, which makes utterance meaning more perfect and richer.