近10年我国天体测量的发展

Development of Astrometry in China in the Most Recent Decade

简述天体测量学研究的内容以及与各相关学科之间的关系;描述近10年来国际天体测量研究的进展和前沿课题;叙述我国天体测量研究的历史背景和研究基础,以及近10年来在国家自然科学基金委员会和其他科学组织支持下取得的成果,并对今后10～20年我国天体测量的发展提出初步看法。

The astrometric research contents and the relationship with other subjects are described. The development of international astrometric researches in the most recent decade and the advanced subjects are given. The four advanced research subjects are: (1) realization of sub-milliarcsecond and even microarcsecond astrometry by astrometric satellites to be launched at the beginning of 21 century for requirement of astronomical research and deep sky survey; (2) establishment of infrared and even multiwavelength reference frames; (3) extension of Hipparcos catalogue to faint stars and densification of the ICRF(International Celestial Reference Frame); (4) research work of cluster and Galactic structure, kinematics and dynamics by mean of astrometric parameters. The historic background and current basis of astrometric research in China, as well as the results obtained under the supporting of National Natural Science Foundation and other scientific organizations, are indicated. Our preliminary suggestions for astrometric research in China in the next 10-20 year are submitted as follows: (1) The research work for optical reference frame includes: 1) precise reduction model for GAIA observational data in general relativistic framework with accuracy of micro-arc-second, detection of general relativisty theory as well as astrometric search of Jupiter-mass planet around nearby stars; 2) determinations of positions and proper motions for stars with magnitudes 14-22 in sky areas with astrophysical interests; 3)observations of special objects such as RR Lyrae variables, maser sources etc. to determine their positions, proper motions and distances. In addition, the project of lunar survey is being implemented in China with the technology and condition being available to launch an astrometric satellite. It will be undertaken in the near future. (2) The research work of star clusters and Galactic dynamics includes: 1) determinations of proper motions of memberstars in clusters by century-old photographic plates and modern epoch observations to study galactic dynamics in use of a larger sample; 2) research work of galactic structure and kinematics, detection of warp and dark matter; 3)determinations of the absolute magnitude of RR Lyrae variables and average parallax of moving clusters to study the distance scale of Galaxy. (3) The determinations of positions, interior structures and motions for celestial objects in the solar system includes: 1) determinations of positions of planets and their satellites, and participation of international campaign for observing objects in the solar system; 2)research work of geodesy and physical characteristics for these objects by using positional observation data from our own observational results and space exploration data in the world as well as studying precession and nutation of the Mars which is a part of research contents of the NEIGE project operated by ESA; 3)monitoring near earth objects such as asteroid, certain space targets, space debris etc. in collaboration with related division of the Ministry of National Defence.