俄罗斯符号学研究的历史流变

On the historical evolution of semiotic studies in Russia

俄罗斯人文学科能获得世界普遍承认并赢得广泛赞誉的领域为数不多 ,符号学是其中最为突出的一个。俄罗斯符号学研究具有自身独特的语文学传统 ,并以对本民族的思想传统、精神内涵和人文特质的发掘与继承作为一个重点 ,以历史、宗教、文学、戏剧、建筑、绘画等具体符号域的研究为依托 ,其主要贡献在于文化符号学。自皮尔斯 (C .S .Peirce)和索绪尔相继提出符号学的概念之后 ,俄罗斯符号学理论经历了 19世纪后半叶的理论准备期、2 0世纪初至十月革命前的发展期、革命后至 2 0世纪中期的成形期、由雅各布森 (Р .О .Якобсон)和巴赫金 (М .М .Бахтин)所代表的现当代过渡期、以莫斯科 -塔图符号学派 (Московско тартускаяшкола)特别是洛特曼 (Ю .М .Лотман)的系统研究为代表的成熟期以及后洛特曼 (Ю .М .Лотман)

Semiotics is one of the few humanitarian disciplines in which Russia won worldwide recognition. Semiotic studies in Russia have always been based on its own philological tradition, and have concentrated on its national mentality and humanitarian thinking. Such studies have been closely linked to the studies on history, religion, literature, drama, architecture and painting, and its contributions are mostly in cultural semiotics. Since the concept of semiotics was first put forward by C. Peirce and F. de Saussure, semiotic studies in Russia have undergone several major phases, such as ground preparation in the late 19century, steady development before the October Revolution, maturity after the Revolution until mid 20 thcentury, transition in R. Jakobson and M. Bakhtin's studies, and systematic studies by scholars of Moscow-Tartu school