论刘宗周《中兴金鉴录》中的史学意识

A Discussion of the Historiographic Consciousness of Liu Zongzhou in His References Used for Renaissance

《中兴金鉴录》是刘宗周晚年编纂的一部历史著作 ,其最初的动机是向弘光帝提供龟鉴。随着中兴理想的破灭 ,宗周将先前欲上未果的《敬陈中兴第一义疏》改造、扩编成是书 ,流露出的史学意识有以下几个方面 :1.选择历史事件要以其“历史性”为依据 ;2 .认识历史事件的方法是对其“历史性”进行“具体的解悟” ;3.评价历史坚持“道德判断”和“历史判断”相结合的原则 ;4 .历史发展最终由“诚意”决定。

The initial motive of References Used for Renaissance,one historical work compiled by Liu Zongzhou in his late years,was to make suggestions to Emperor Hong Guang.Along with the wreckage of the ideal of renaissances,this book was accomplished by Liu Zongzhou as an adaptation and expansion of “The Primary Arguments Concerning Renaissance”.The historiographic consciousness of Liu that was displayed in this book included four points.Firstly,the selection of historical instances must be based on their significances.Secondly,the cognition of history should adhere to the method of dialectic and idiographic interpretation.Thirdly,the appraisement of an event should insist on the principle of estimation from the point of view of both morality and historicity.Fourthly,the development of history was ultimately determined by the doctrine of sincerity.