当前世界环境地质学发展特点趋向及我国主要环境地质学问题分析

Current development characteristic and tendency of environmental geology in the world and analysis of environmental geology problems in our country

阐述了环境地质学的历史渊源、涵义、研究内容、所属门类、学科地位等,广泛借鉴前人资料,总结了当今世界环境地学发展的主要特点和研究趋向:以动态观点及非线性动力学理论和方法来探索地质环境演化;从不同空间尺度研究地球环境演化;环境变化的时间效应成为环境地质研究中的一个十分重要的方向;地质灾害防治与环境保护问题已成为环境地学研究领域内的重点问题;正在深入探索环境地质学的科学基础:水-岩相互作用;可持续发展理念对环境地质学的研究工作提出了新的要求;现代新技术在环境研究中的应用发展速度很快。归纳了现在我国存在的主要环境地学问题:淡水资源的严重短缺;城市发展中的环境地质问题;由人类活动引起的环境污染与地球化学循环变化;频繁的地质灾害与人类工程经济活动诱发的环境地质问题;人类活动导致的生态环境破坏。指出需要在地球系统科学的理论与方法指导下,紧密结合国家目标和经济发展紧迫需要,进行前沿性研究。

This paper deals with the history, meaning, research contents, category, and status of environment geology. Drawing extensive lessons of the researches done by others, we summarized development characteristic and research tendency of environment geology in the world. They include: ①exploring geo-environment evolution from the point of dynamic and with non-linear dynamics theory and method; ②studying earth environment evolution from different scales; ③deeply investigating the scientific basis of environment geology-water-rock interactions; ④time effect of environment change became a important direction of environment geology researches; ⑤prevention and cure of geologic hazard and environment protection have been the emphasis in environment geology researches; ⑥sustainable development are challenging the traditional research of environmental geology; ⑦more new technologies are applying to environment study. We also concluded main environment geological problems existing in China: be serious short of freshwater resources; environment geology problems in city development; environment contamination caused by human activities and the change of geochemistry cycle; environment geology problems induced by frequently geologic hazard and human engineering, economic activities; eco-environment deterioration caused by human activities. On the basis of above analysis, we point out that advanced research should be carried out combing with nation′s purpose and pressing demand of economic development in light of the theory and method of the earth system science.