中国地质灾害类型及其特征——基于全国县市地质灾害调查成果分析

Main Types and characterisitics of geo-hazard in China ——Based on the results of geo-hazard survey in 290 counties

我国是世界上地质灾害最严重的国家之一。为了全面查清我国地质灾害的发育分布规律,国土资源部从1999年开始,在地质灾害严重的县(市),陆续部署开展了县市地质灾害调查与区划工作。论文在290个县、市地质灾害调查成果的基础上,分析统计了我国主要地质灾害的规模、诱发因素、发育分布等特征,并以县、市为基本单元,利用地质灾害点密度、体积密度和面密度3个指标,对已调查县、市进行了地质灾害发育程度的评价。评价结果分为4个等级,其中地质灾害高发育县市30个,集中分布在重庆、贵州、湖北、甘肃、四川和云南等省;地质灾害较高发育县市107个,集中分布在湖南、江西、陕西、四川、贵州、湖北、云南和重庆等省市;地质灾害中等发育县市90个,集中分布在河北、四川、浙江和福建等省;地质灾害轻微发育县市62个,集中分布在河北、广西、新疆和山西等省。

China is one of the most serious geo-hazard country in the world. In order to find out the distribution of the geo-hazard in China, the Ministry of Land and Resources made a geo-hazard survey plan in serious geo-hazard counties. Based on the results of this survey in 290 counties, the paper analyzes the geo-hazard characterisitics of type, size, excitated facter, development and distribution.Considering the density of geo-hazard amount, volume and area, the development degree of geo-hazard in 290 counyies has been estimated. 30 counties with serious geo-hazard distribute in Chongqing City, Guizhou Province, Hubei Province, Gansu Province, Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province. 107 counties with relatively serious geo-hazard distribute in Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Shannxi Province,Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Hubei Province, Yunnan Province and Chongqing City. 90 counties with moderate geo-hazard distribute in Hebei Province,Sichuan Province, Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province. 62 counties with moderate geo-hazard distribute in Hebei Province, Guangxi Province, Xinjiang Province and Shanxi Province.