夏玉米沟垄覆盖集水效果及生态效应研究

Research the Effect of Summer Maize Cultivation of Mulching and Rain Harvesting and Ecology Effect

采用垄上覆膜集雨保墒、沟内种植的栽培方法,在半湿润易旱区的陕西关中红油土上进行了夏玉米田间试验,探讨覆膜集雨栽培对玉米产量、养分携出量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,覆膜集雨种植能明显提高夏玉米的籽粒产量、生物产量,有利于植株对养分的吸收利用;覆盖措施具有很好的蓄水保墒效果:在玉米灌浆期,覆膜使土壤0～100、0～200cm的贮水量分别比对照提高了8.2、17.1mm,覆膜覆草使土壤0～100、0～200cm的贮水量分别提高了13.6、23.0mm,覆膜覆草处理的集水效果更为显著,水分利用效率更高,平均每消耗1mm水分可生产玉米籽粒比覆膜处理提高了8%。

Field experiment of summer maize was conducted on the red oil soil in the middle part of Shanxi province, in which the cultivation technique of covering film on the soil ridge and sowing in soil furrow was used, The effects of this technique on yield and nutrient uptake and WUE under cultivation of mulching and rain harvesting were studied. The results showed that plastic mulching increased biological and economical yield of summer maize obviously, Plant absorbed nitrogen more easily under mulching, The treatments of plastic filming in ridge and straw mulching collected more water than plastic mulch. During filling stage, the average of water stored in 0～100 cm and 0～200 cm layer, plastic mulch retained 8.2 mm and 17.1 mm more water compared to without mulching, plastic filming in ridge and straw mulching in furrow retained 13.6 mm and 23.0 mm more water compared to without mulching. The treatments of plastic filming in ridge and straw mulching kept highly WUE. 