试论汉语词汇在魏晋六朝时的复音化发展——以《论语》、《孟子》、《世说新语》为例

On the Bi-syllabified Development of Chinese Vocabulary In WeiJin and the Six Dynasties: From the LUNYU,MENGZI to SHISHUOXINYU

上古汉语词汇以单音节为主 ,到魏晋六朝时期 ,复音词数量大增。由单音词变为复音词 ,基本的方法有三 :一是以原有的单音词作为一个语素 ,构成新的复音词 ;二是由原来两个经常一起出现的单音词或词组不断凝结稳定而成 ;三是将原来用单音词表达的意义 ,换成一个新的复音词。构词方式也有了一些新的变化 :一是附加式出现了新的形式 ;二是联合式中的反义联合明显增多 ;三是偏正式中出现了新的类型 ;四是动补式的发展 ;五是动宾式的增加 ;六是名 +量式的产生。影响词汇复音化发展的因素是复杂的 ,其中主要有词义的引申发展、复音词表义的具体准确、汉语节奏的习惯与特点、辞赋骈文的兴起、佛典的译介等五个方面。

The Chinese vocabulary of ancient times is mainly with single syllable, but in WeiJin and the six dynasties bi-syllabication word quantity has been soaring. There are three basic methods from single sound word to compound sound word. There are also some new changes in the methods of word conformation: One is that additional type has arisen new form; two is that justice alliance in joint type grows obviously; three is formal in have had new type; four is to move to mend the development of type; five is move guest the increase of type; six is name + quantity type production. The factors, affecting vocabulary to bi-syllabify, is complex, in which mainly have extending development of a word's meaning, the accuracy of compound sound, etc.