干旱地区内陆河流域水文问题的研究实践与展望

Practice and Prospects for Study of Hydrology Problems on Arid Inland River Basin

过去,干旱地区内陆河流域水文研究主要偏重于山区水文,注重山区来水及径流分析,而很少涉及灌区问题和生态问题,对绿洲水文和荒漠水文的研究十分缺乏。以新疆为例,通过对干旱地区河流的基本特征和水文机理的分析研究,从径流形成、水资源开发利用、生态环境保护三位一体,即从全流域水文循环的角度出发,提出了以山区水文、绿洲水文、荒漠生态水文为三大构成要素的干旱地区内陆河流域水文系统的新概念,并基于干旱地区内陆河流域水文问题的研究实践,提出了各自领域的研究内容和方向,进一步拓宽了水文问题的研究领域,对水文学科的研究与发展提出了新的思路,注入了新的内容。

The more attention was paid to works of mountain zone hydrology in arid inland river basin in the past; especially on analysis of water amount and runoff come from mountain areas. It was lack of study on oasis zone hydrology and desert zone hydrology that due to less of attention to irrigation areas and ecology. As an example, the paper analyzes basic characteristics and hydrologic mechanism toward arid inland rivers in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. In the paper, combining the mountain zone hydrology, oasis zone hydrology and ecological environment protection, considering hydrologic cycle in the whole river basin, a new conception of hydrologic cycle in arid inland river basin is presented based on the research and practice of hydrology problem. The contents and goals are put forward for widening research on the field of hydrology. New ideas and contents enrich research and development of hydrology.