不同山区疫区家畜血吸虫病流行病学及防制对策研究

Studies on the epidemiology and controlling methods of livestock schistosomiasis in different mountainous epidemic districts

对四川山区家畜血吸虫病两类不同疫区:以芦山为代表的半封闭式疫区和以普格为代表的封闭式疫区进行了流行病学及防制对策研究。结果表明,血吸虫病牛是此病流行最主要的传染源,3～8岁的牛潜在传播指数(IPC)较高,以牛粪为主的野粪是重要的传播因数,动物之间以及与人之间的血吸虫病疫情呈显著正相关(r>r0 01,P<0 01)。在半封闭式疫区中,水牛作用大于黄牛,水牛RTI(相对污染指数)为67 8%,黄牛RTI为20 4%,牛以外的其它家畜在血吸虫病流行病学上不占重要地位。在封闭式疫区中,黄牛作用大于水牛,黄牛RTI为80 1%,水牛RTI为19 4%;马、羊、猪在血吸虫病流行病学中也不同程度地占有重要位置(马的感染率13 5%,羊8 5%,猪6 7%),狗在血吸虫病流行病学上的地位不可忽视。人既是传染源,又是所有传染源的控制者。所以,人在血吸虫病流行病学上占有特殊地位。通过研究,明确了各种家畜血吸虫病控制的适宜药物、剂量和方式,以秋末冬初查治优于传统的夏季查治。在半封闭式疫区,主要抓耕牛的查治。在封闭式疫区,所有家畜都须查治。并加强牛粪管理和道路边沟灭螺,反复查治是降低感染率的最有效措施。

The epidemiology and controlling methods of Schistosomiasis japonica of mountainy livestock were studied in two types of mountainous epidemic districts in Sichuan province,which were s-CED(Semi-Close Epidemic District)and CED(Close Epidemic District),respectively.Epidemiologic position and functions about every species of domestic animal was revealed.The results showed that the Schistosomiasis bovine were the main source of the infection.IPC(Index of Potential Contamination)of the bovine at the age of 3 to 8 year-old was much higher.Field feces,which was majorly excreted by bovine,were very important transmission factors.Epidemic situations of Schistosomiasis among human being and animals were markedly positive correlation(r>r_(0.01),P<0.01).Epidemiologic position and function of the buffalo was more important than that of cattle in s-CED,but the cattle was more important than buffalo in CED.Bovine were mainly treated in s-CED,and all domestic animals should be treated in CED.Controlling effect in the late-autumn and early winter was much better than that in Summer.