化石燃料生物脱有机氮研究展望

Review of Microbial Denitrogenation of Fossil Fuels

化石燃料中与有机硫相似的另一类孤对电子含氮有机化合物的存在对生产和环境造成许多危害。石油中的含氮有机化合物是影响炼油工艺、产品性能质量的主要因素。含氮有机化合物具有致癌、致突变性 ,燃烧后则以NOx的形式释放污染大气。化石燃料中所含的有机氮较有机硫更难以去除 ,常规的化学脱有机氮技术高压加氢法处理燃油能耗高 ,处理效果不理想等方面的缺陷使人们思考生物脱氮的可能性。考察了国内外近十多年来化石燃料生物脱有机氮工作的研究进展 ,包括模式有机氮化合物微生物的代谢途径 ,以及相应的代谢途径中的关键酶及其编码基因等方面的研究。

Nitrogen containing organic compounds in fossil fuels are harmful to production and environment. In petroleum they can inactivate refining catalyst and contribute to chemical instability of refined petroleum. Their combustion leads to the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), one of the important air pollutants, and some nitrogen containing organic compounds possess mutagenic and toxic activities. The nitrogen in fossil fuels is more refractory than sulfur, and microbial approaches for petroleum denitrogenation could be beneficial as the classical hydroprocessing methods are costly and unefficient. In this review, results on biodenitrogenation were summarized of the past ten years, including the metabolic pathway of model compound, genes and key enzymes involved in carbazole degradation.