周秦两汉西南区域民族地理观的形成与嬗变

The Formation and Change of the Geographical Ideas Concerning the Ethnic Groups in the Southwest China during the Warring States Period, the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty

在战国秦汉西南开发的特殊历史背景下 ,西南区域民族地理观萌发于战国后期 ,正式形成于西汉司马迁之《史记》。其标志为 :“西南夷”作为秦汉大一统国家疆域中“四夷”之一部的独立地位的确立 ,以及具有鲜明区域特征的 ,以巴蜀为中心划分“南夷”、“西夷”的民族分布布局基本理念和划分方法的形成。经东汉两晋的嬗变 ,两汉西南区域民族地理观呈现出马、班 ,常璩 ,范晔三种明显有别的划分方法和认识观念。周秦两汉西南区域民族地理观萌生、形成和嬗变的客观历程 ,历代史家区域民族地理划分方法和认识观念的形成 ,既客观反映了西南区域开发和民族融合 (华夏化 )的历史进程 ,亦反映了史家所处时代之现实需要和个人之史识。

In the context of the development of the southwest China during the Warring States Period, the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, the geographical ideas concerning the ethnic groups in this area were emerging in the late warring states period and took shape in the Shi-Ji(the history) by Sima Qian of Western Han. In the Shi-Ji, 'Xi-Nan-Yi' (the ancient ethnic groups in the southwest of China) became one part of the 'Si-Yi' (literally, the ethnic groups from four directions), while Sima Qian developed a primary idea and approach concerning the ethnic groups' distribution, which distinguishing the 'Nan-Yi' (literally, the ethnic groups in south) and 'Xi-Yi' (literally, the ethnic groups in the west) according to their direction to the Ba and Shu area (present Sichuan province). By the Jin Dynasty, there were three separate ideas and distinguishing approaches concerning the distribution of the ethnic groups in the southwest, which developed by Sima Qian and Ban Gu, Chang Qu, Fan Yue. The change of the geographical ideas concerning the ethnic groups in the southwest of China was not only the reflection of the development and ethnic merging (merging into 'Hua-xia') of the ethnic groups in this area, but as the reflection of the demands of the time and the historians' idea to history.