先秦依附关系的演变

Transformation of Subsidiary Relations in the Pre-Qin Period

先秦时期的依附关系主要表现为政治上的依附关系。这种依附在春秋战国时又有着较为显著的变化,表现为依附者——"私徒属"与"宾客"对其所依附的各级贵族的人身依附的减弱。具体来讲:私徒属讲求忠于主人,至死不贰,宾客则以势取舍,择木而栖;私徒属仕于主人,奉职尽责以取得俸禄,宾客则无有职掌,有事差遣,无事闲处,仰衣食于主人;私徒属视主人为衣食之本,尽忠于主人即是其人生目标,宾客则视主人为进身之阶,出将入相,显身扬名于国方是最高理想。这种依附关系的演变反映了早期国家的集权化倾向以及君主专制权的加强。

Subsidiary relations in the pre-Qin period mainly refer to the political ones.It were “Situshu”(私徒属) in the Spring and Autumn Period who adhered to the noble class.Situshu were loyal only to their masters,they needn't devote themselves to the kings.This situation changed in the War States Period.Guests'(宾客) ultimate aim was to be the official of the kings,they were no longer loyal to their masters as Situshu did.This transformation indicate that state power had been centralized and monarchical power had been strengthened