实践范式与中西文化深层比较

Practice Model & A Comparison of Chinese and Western Cultures

"实践范式"是人类社会及其文化发展的规律性模式,主要包括生产实践和处理社会关系的实践。它不同于实践形式或形态,具有很大的普遍性和稳定性。所谓中西文化的差异并不是二者在实践范式上的差异,而只是双方在"轴心期"及前轴心期具体的文化样式和实践形式(形态)选择与侧重上的差异:西方侧重生产实践,面向自然探索其奥妙及对人的有用性,强调外在超越;中国侧重处理社会关系的实践,特别关注人与人之间的经济利益、家庭伦理和社会交往的关系,主张内在超越。前种文化发展出了民主、科学、法治和理性等优秀成果,但也出现了工具理性和"科技异化";后种文化成长出了和谐、友善、勤劳和进取等优秀成果,但也分娩出了非理性主义和"权力异化"。二者都属"人类文化",都是中西方社会中的人们在相同实践范式基础上的不同侧重和选择的结果。只有对马克思主义实践概念作一种彻底的文化人类学研究,才能真正弄清中西文化差异的实质。

Practice Model is the pattern of the development of human society relation management,and is fifferent from practice form,possessing great versatility and stability.The difference between Chinese and western cultures refers not to that in practice form in the Axial Period:the west stresses production practice,exploring the unknown in the face of the nature and its usefulness to human beings,emphasizing external control,while the Chinese emphasizes the practice of social relation management,shows special concern to the relation of economic benefits among people,family ethnics and social communication,stressing internal control.The former develops a culture of democracy,science,law,reason and other excellencies,and also tool rationality and 'alienation of science and technology',and the latter cultivates harmony,friendliness,hard wor,striving and other good qualities,and also irrationalism and 'alienation of power'.Both human cultures are the result of different emphasis and choice on the absis of the same practice model by people of different cultures.Only after a thorough study of Marxism in practice will the nature of the difference be really understood.