美国审前讯问指导理论的沿革与发展

History and Development of Guiding Theories of Pre-trial Interrogation in U.S.

在1966年的米兰达判决以前,美国联邦最高法院规范审前讯问的指导理论一直处于不断的发展变化之中。在米兰达案件中,最高法院最终将反对强迫自证其罪特权确立为规范审前讯问的主要根据,并导致特权自身发生变化。沃伦法院之后,米兰达判决的宪法地位一度有所动摇。2000年,美国联邦最高法院又重申了米兰达判决的宪法地位。

Before Miranda case of 1966, the guidelines of the Supreme Court of U.S. to pre-trial interrogation had been changing. In Miranda, the Court established the privilege against self-incrimination as the basis of regulating pre-trial interrogation. As a result, the privilege itself has changed. After that, the constitutional status has been threatened, but in 2000, the Court reinstates the constitutional status of Miranda Decision.