电子束焊缝自动跟踪系统设计

Design of automatic tracking system for electron beam welding

叙述了一种用于局部真空电子束圆形焊缝的自动跟踪系统的设计和试验过程。在局部真空电子束焊接精密结构件的圆形法兰焊缝时,由于加工偏差、工装累计误差等原因,出现电子枪回转中心与焊缝圆心不同心现象。使用本控制系统,使转台在起始位置时,用小束流电子束对准工件扫描,利用电子束在焊缝上和在工件上产生的二次电子数量不同而检测出焊缝起始点位置。利用相同工作原理,再用小束流对整条圆焊缝进行扫描,并由计算机实时记录整个圆形焊缝上各点与扫描线圈电流过零时电子束束斑间的偏差值,完成一个示教过程;然后由计算机处理与分析所获取的数据并存贮;在焊接时利用处理后的偏差值在圆形焊缝相应位置不断修正电子枪的位置,从而达到电子束束斑与焊缝自动对中的目的。

The design and experimental process of an automatic tracking system applied to local vacuum electron beam welding are dealt with in this paper. When the annular parts of an exactitude apparatus were welded, the centre of rotation of the electron gun and the centre of the annular weld are usually not superposed because of the machining error, workpiece's setting error and so on. In this teaching process, a little bundle of electron beam is used to scan the weld groove, the amount of the secondary electrons reflected from the workpiece is different when the electron beam scans the both sides and the centre of the weld groove. The difference can indicate the position of the weld, then a computer will record the deviation between the electron beam spot and the centre of the weld groove. The computer will analyze the data and put the data into the storage software. During the welding process, the computer will modify the position of the electron gun based on the deviation to make the electron beam spot centered on the annular weld groove.