北京地区野生蕨类资源及其生境调查

Investigation of the Wild Fern Resources and Ecological Environment in the Beijing Area

北京地区蕨类植物资源非常丰富,共有20科30属71种4变种.本文调查野生状态下陆生种12科21属30种2变种.其中土生占69％,石生占31％.对光适应幅度很广.土壤从微酸性至碱性石灰质土.分布海拔100～1900m.不同种对湿度要求差异很大.这些种类具有食用、药用及观赏价值.观赏价值依据株形姿态及对生态条件的要求分为4类.提出更好地保护和利用野生蕨类资源的建议.

The fern resources are very rich in the Beijing area.There are about 71 species and 4 varieties belonging to 30 genera and 20 families In this paper,30 species and 2 varieties,belonging to 21 genera and 12 families,are investigated,among them 69% are soil ferns,and 31% are rock ferns.The acclimatization of these ferns to sunlight has a very wide range;the soil,on which different species are distributed,is from light acid to alkaline and calcified.The distribution area is from 100 to 1 900m above sea level.Various species have very different humidity requirements.These fern species are of value to the edible,pharmaceutical and ornamental fields.There are 4 ornamental types based on the plant shape and the adaptation to the ecological environment.Suggestions have been given for better protection and use of the wild ferns as a resource