青藏铁路与职业性高原病

Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Occupational High Altitude Disease

青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高、里程最长的高原铁路 ,施工自然环境恶劣 ,低气压、低氧、高寒、干燥、昼夜温差大、强紫外线辐射等危害因素严重影响着施工人员的身体健康 ,高原反应严重者可发生急慢性职业性高原病 ,甚至危及生命。而做好进入高原前的体检 ;坚持阶梯习服的原则 ;针对高原特点加强营养和职业健康监护 ;按照卫生要求控制体力劳动强度以减少氧耗 ;增加局部环境的氧含量 。

Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the longest plateau railway with the greatest height above sea level in the world. Its construction environment is terribly d ifficult because of low atmospheric pressure, hypobaric hypoxia, extreme coldnes s, dryness, rapid change of temperature from days to nights and high radiation o f ultraviolet light. These harmful factors can cause serious health damages to c onstruction staff. People with serious hypoxic reactions may have acute or long term occupational high altitude disease which is even life-threatening. However , there are effective measures to prevent occupational high altitude disease from the current environment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway. They are careful health chec k before entering the plateau, persistently applying principle of stepped conditi on adaptation and climbing up, better nutrition and occupational health monitori ng with a focus on plateau conditions, control of physical activity to reduce ox ygen consumption according to health requirement and increase of oxygen in a loc al environment.