美国高等教育法治化的特征

Characteristics of Higher Education Legalization in the USA

美国高等教育法治化具有三大特征。第一,法系的非单一性,表现为由高等教育成文法与判例法构成的法文化共同形成对高等教育立法体系及相应法治活动的空间。第二,立法机制的分权性,体现为高等教育立法活动是以分立与制衡法理学为理论基础。第三,立法内容的实用性,这反映出实用主义法哲学对高等教育法治活动效力的深层影响。高等教育的法治化促进了美国高等教育的勃兴与创新,同时,也为我国高等教育提出借鉴性思考。即在法制化进程中注意逐步建立高等教育判例法制度,注重中央与地方高等教育立法的适度分权,增强高等教育法律的可操作性和变化性。

The legalization of higher education in the USA has three features; Firstly, the non-unitary nature of the legal system characterized by the space for higher education legislation and relevant legal activities formed by the legal culture of both written law and case law of higher education. Secomcly, the decentralization of the legislation mechanism symbolized by the legislation of higher education with both separated and balanced jurimetrics as its theoretical basis. Thirdly, the applicability of the legislation content reflecting the ir-depth influences of pragmatist legal philosophy upon the effect of activities of higher education legislation. The promotion of higher education legalization to the developmenl and innovation of universities and colleges in the USA also offers meaningful reference to the reform of higher education in China. In the legalization process of higher education in China, due attention should be paid to the establishment of the case law system of higher education, the appropriate decentralizatien of both national and local legislation of higher education and the strengthening of the feasibility and applicability of higner education law.