永久性下腔静脉滤器置入术预防肺栓塞71例经验

Permanent inferior vena cava filter placement for prevention of pulmonary embolism: an experience of 71 cases

目的探讨永久性下腔静脉滤器 (VCF)置入术预防致命性肺动脉栓塞 (PE)的有效性、安全性和手术指征。方法经颈内静脉或股总静脉放置永久性下腔静脉滤器 71例 ,常规行下腔静脉造影 ,确定下腔静脉和释放途径静脉无血栓形成 ,将滤器放置于平肾静脉开口之下的下腔静脉。结果本组病例均获成功。术后随访 1～ 4 1个月 ,无肺栓塞发生者 ,术后下腔静脉血栓形成 2例 ;滤器倾斜 5例 ,倾斜角度小于 15°。无其他相关并发症。结论永久性下腔静脉滤器置入术可以有效的预防致命性肺栓塞。术前行彩超和术中下腔静脉造影 ,了解下腔静脉和滤器放置通路的情况 ;术后严格的抗凝治疗 ,是确保放置成功、有效预防PE、避免或降低并发症出现的关键。严格掌握VCF的指征是重要的。

Objective To assess the efficiency,safety and indications of permanent inferior vena cava filters (VCF) placement for prevention of pulmonary embolism in cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Method In this study 71 cases were treated with permanent inferior vena cava filters by way of the internal jugular vein and the common femoral vein. Cavography was performed routinely before inserting the VCF to confirm no thrombosis in IVC and access veins. The insertion site for filters is the subrenal vena cava. Results The procedure was successful in all cases. There was no case of symptomatic PE occurred during 1～41 months of follow-up. There were 2 cases of IVC thrombosis at the site of insertion and 5 cases of filter tilting less than 15°. There were no other complications. Conclusion Permanent IVC filter placement is an effective method for preventing fatal PE due to DVT. Imaging of the vena cava and access vein by venous ultrasound and cavography, strict anticoagulation therapy after VCF insertion are key to perform VCF placement, provide protection from recurrent life-threatening PE and reduce complications. The filter placement indications should be strict.