耐热耐贮番茄品种改良

Improvement of Heat Tolerant and Long-shelf Life Tomato

利用Lima品种作为父本与冬季栽培的番茄品种 (413、4 5 2、4 99、5 14和 5 6 0 )进行杂交 ,改良冬季栽培番茄品种的产量和品质 ,通过对杂交后代自交纯化 ,获得 4 5 2×Lima自交系产量最高 ,为 4 4 .2 9t·hm-2 ,比对照Lima和VF134 1 2增产 33.0 %和 31.6 % ,大部分自交系的果实硬度与对照相同 ;将耐热品种 6 6 7(CL5 915 2 0 6D4 2 5 0 )和 6 6 9(CL5 915 2 2 3D4 2 1 0 )与耐热的冬季栽培番茄品种进行杂交 ,然后自交并对其自交系的耐热性和果实品质进行选择 ,其中 5 0 2× 6 6 9、5 74× 6 6 7的自交系产量分别为 6 9.16和 6 6 .16t·hm-2 ,比对照Lima和VF134 1 2增产 18.2 %和 38.7% ,果实硬度与对照相同 ;将耐热品种L2 2和含突变基因 (nor1、nor2 )材料进行杂交和回交 ,对L2 2的货架期进行改良 ,其中BC2 和BC3 产量比L2 2高 4 %～ 9% ,果实在室温下保存 30d ,其完好率为 18%～ 38% ,而L2 2的果实完好率则为 0。

Winter tomato varieties were improved by using variety Lima as a male parent to cross to some recurrent winter tomato varieties 413,452,499,514 and 560. Progenies of the hybrids were selected by pedigree method. The inbred lines of the crosses showed 12 %-32 % higher yield than control varieties VF134-1-2 and Lima.The inbred line from crossed 452×351 showed the highest yield,44.29 t·hm -2 and while varieties Lima and VF134-1-2 showed 33.29 and 33.66 t·hm -2,respectively. Most of the inbred lines showed fruit firmness as good as the control varieties. Two heat tolerant varieties 667(CL5915-206 D4-2-5-0) and 669 (CL5915-223 D4-2-1-0)were crossed to heat tolerant and winter tomato varieties. They were selfed and selected for several generations for heat tolerant and good fruit qualities. Some selected varieties from crosses 502×669 and 574×667 showed higher yield than control varieties Lima and VF134-1-2. The yields of the selected varieties were 69.16 and 66.16 t·hm -2 while the control varieties were 58.51 and 49.88 t·hm -2,respectively. Fruit firmness of the selected varieties were as good as the control varieties. Improvement of the heat tolerant tomato variety L22 for long shelf life of fruit,mutant genes nor 1 and nor 2 were used. Hybrid between the heat tolerant variety and the mutant varieties were backcrossed to their recurrent varieties. Backcrossed progenies of the second and the third generations to variety L22 Showed 4 %-9 % higher yield and longer shelf life of fruit than variety L22. When fruits were kept at room temperature for 30 days,the BC_2 and BC_3 had 18 %-38 % good fruits while variety L22 had none.