北方渔猎民族物候历的人类学阐释

The Anthropologic Expoundation of the Phenologic Calender of Northern Fishing and Hunting People

本文运用人类学调查资料并结合历史文献及其他民族志材料来阐释北方渔猎民族的物候历,并进而探讨人类社会历法起源问题。认为物候历起源于人类的渔猎经济文明时代,而非农耕畜牧时代。物候历是人类最原始的历法,是其他历法的基础。但其他历法产生后,物候历仍在人类生活中发挥作用。物候历是渔猎民族认识自然的文化创造和生产生活经验的总结。

The article expounds the phenologic calender of northern fishing and hunting people with the application of anthropologic investigation materials, historical materials and other national materials, then furtherly discusses the origin of calender in human society. It holds that the phenologic calender origi- nates in fishing and hunting economic civilized period rather than the farming and pastoral peri- od. Phenologic calender is the original calender and is the basis of other calendars. It still exerts an effect on human life after other calendars appear, It is the summary of the cultural creation and the production and life experience of fishing and hunting people in the recognition of the nature.