理解科技全球化——资源重组、优势集成和自主创新能力的提升

Comprehension of Technical Globalization

本文讨论科技全球化趋势的出现及其对中国经济发展带来的新机遇和新挑战。全文包括4个方面的内容。第一部分描述科技全球化的主要表现及特点。科技全球化使科技要素在全球范围内优化重组,使外部技术来源的重要性增加,推动先进技术大量跨国转移,使各国科技系统的开放性增加。第二部分讨论科技全球化为发展中国家带来的新机遇,包括引进先进技术的可能性增加,制造企业有可能提升在分工中的地位和获得更多利益,获取核心技术能力的途径增多。第三部分探讨如何利用机遇提升我国产业竞争能力和创新能力。我国具有利用全球科技资源的有利条件,能够通过“引进来”、“走出去”和更多新的资源组织方式充分利用外部技术资源,并利用这种机遇提升我国产业技术水平和创新能力,在自主创新和利用外部技术资源之间形成良性互动关系。第四部分分析全球化条件下国家产业与技术战略的重点领域,包括国家安全和重大技术能力的形成,防范外资企业凭借技术实力或其他力量形成垄断的问题等。

This article discusses the advent of the trend of technical globalization and the new opportunity for China's economic growth and new challenge that it has brought about. This paper includes four parts. The first part describes the main manifestations and characteristics of globalization in technology. The technical globalization has globally caused the optimization and recombination of technical elements; the increase in the importance of outside technical sources, propelling lots of advanced technology towards foreign countries; the increase in openness of scientific and technical systems in all countries. The second part deals with the new opportunities afforded by the TG to developing countries, including the amplification of possibilities of introducing advanced technology, the possibility of aggrandizing manufacturers'position in division of labor and their profits, and the swelling of channels to obtaining key technology.The third part probes into how to make use of the new opportunities to raise China's industrial competitiveness and innovation ability. With the advantage of utilization of resources of global sciences and technology,China can,by 'introduction from abroad'and 'going abroad'and more new way of resource combination, make full use of outside technical resources and capitalize on the new opportunity to upgrade her industrial technology and creation ability and form a positive interdynamic relationship between creating on her own and the use of outside technology resources. The fourth part analyses the main sectors in national strategies of industry and technology under the condition of globalization, including the field of national security and the shaping of the ability in important technology, and being on guard against the formation of monopoly by foreign-funded enterprises by means of actual strength or other forces.