客家建筑文化研究

A STUDY ON HAKKA TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

客家建筑是中国传统建筑文化体系中的一个独特的文化现象。社会、文化是建筑的一个主要形成因素,在一些复杂的建筑现象之后,多有一些复杂的社会、文化因素。文中运用文化人类学的基本原理,通过分析客家社会、文化与建筑之间的种种关系,试图找出客家建筑文化的基本特征和规律,并着重从客家人的礼制、家族和风水观念三方面,详尽地讨论客家传统聚落、住屋与社会、文化的关系,提出这三大观念是客家建筑文化的主要形成因素。

In traditonal Chinese architecture,the Hakka traditional vernacular architecture constitutes a unique cultural phenomenon.Lying behind the complicated architectural types and forms are various social and economic factors,which fully reflect the traditional cultural values of the Hakka people.By applying the principles of cultural anthropology and through analyzing the relationships between the Hakka socio-cultural environment and the types of their domestic houses,this paper attempts to discover the fundamental characteristics and developmental patterns of the Hakka vernacular architecture.The author gives a full and ac- curate account of how the Hakka people have been influenced and constrained by the'Three Concepts'—the concept of the Confucian rites,the concept of clan and the concept of feng- shui.The author maintains that it is the'Three Concepts'that have shaped the development of the Hakka villages and their domestic houses,which are precisely the perfect embodiment of the socio-cultural environment of the Hakka people.