江西红壤区农业产业政策改革的农户行为响应与水土保持效果分析——以江西省上饶县村庄及农户调查为例

Response of Farm Households' Behavior to Regional Agricultural Industrial Policy Reform and Analysis of Effect of Soil and Water Conservation in Red Soil Area of Jiangxi Province——A Case Study of Shangrao County

在江西红壤山丘典型区2001年三个样本村111个农户的抽样调查资料基础上,建立了区域农地水土保持效果分析的数量经济模型,分析了农业产业政策改革背景下农户行为对农地水土保持效果的影响。研究表明,当前上饶县农业产业结构调整过程中农地水土流失状况受到农户行为直接影响,农业劳动力的转移、农业生产资料价格、农户受教育水平以及农户土地规模经营的程度等是其影响的主要因素。作者认为,这种状况目前在江西红壤区具有普遍性,因此必须先调整农业政策,增加科技资金投入,保护农业土地利用;其次,优化农户土地长期投入所需要的外部环境,减少长期投资的风险性和不确定性;加大经济刺激力度,增加农户投资获利能力,促进其加大土地长期投入;调整用地结构,优化农业用地组合,发展规模农业,防止水土流失。

With the introduction of the 'household responsibility system' (HRS) in the large rural area in China since the 1980s, farm-households' land use decision-makings affect sustainable land use. This effect has already been shown after the first run land contract, such as the bare mountainous region and the aggravating soil erosion area which are caused by farm-households' felling forest in volume, and the degradative cultivated land quality which is caused by the fact that the farm households attach importance to chemical fertilizer and pesticide while ignore soil miscellaneous fertilizers and organic fertilizer. In order to test the effects of response of farm-households' behavior to regional agricultural industrial policy reform on effect of soil and water conservation in red soil area of Jiangxi Province, three sample villages in Shangrao County were selected as a case study of massif red soil region in Jiangxi Province, and the field work of questionnaires of 111 farm-households' behavior had been held in the villages. Based on the feedback of the questionnaires, a model was established to analyze effect of agriculatural industrial policy reform of soil and water conservation. It showed that, status of soil and water loss of rural land is affected directly by households' behaviors in course of agricultural industrial structure adjustment in Shangrao County at present, and that its main influence factors include the transformation of agricultural labor, the price of agricultural production means, educated level of farm-households, and the degrees of land scale operation, etc. The authors think that this state is in the universality in red soil area of Jiangxi Province at present. According to these results, some suggestions of sustainable land use are proposed.