原型与象征:《楚辞·招魂》主旨新探

Prototype and Symbolism: the Gist of Songs of Chu·Evocation

《楚辞·招魂》的主旨 ,从汉代王逸以来 ,人们一直围绕为谁招魂而争讼不已。实际上 ,《招魂》的艺术形式来源于楚国招魂巫术原型 ,其主旨并不是真的为某人招魂。从屈赋艺术表现的角度来说 ,《招魂》的主旨应从象征意义而不能用实证的方法去寻找。从文本考察 ,《招魂》应是《离骚》和《远游》的反写 ,它反映了屈原流放后期的精神状态 。

About the gist of Songs of Chu·Evocation, from the time of Wang Yi in Han Dynasty onwards, people have been constantly arguing about whose spirit was evoked. Actually, the artistic prototype of Evocation traces to the spiritism in Chu; the gist of Evocation was not evoking anybody’s spirit. From the perspective of Qu Yuan’s poetry, the studies of the gist of Evocation should go into symbolism instead of factualism. This essay puts forth that Evocation is the mirror image of Li Sao and Journey, a spiritual reflection of Qu Yuan in the late period of his exile, and a portray of the poet’s tragedy of life when in clash with his patriotism was the failure of his vision of sublime politics.