南美白对虾对内陆碳酸盐型盐碱水环境的适应性研究 I.淡化幼虾对碱度的适应能力

Adaptability of Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei to Carbonate Saline-Alkali Inland Water Environment I. Adaptive Capacity of Desalinated Juvenile Shrimp to Alkalinity

为探讨东北松嫩平原碳酸盐型盐碱水域移植南美白对虾的可行性 ,以天然盐碱泡水为实验用水 ,采用急性毒性实验法 ,研究了淡化幼虾对碱度的适应能力。结果表明 ,在水温 (2 3.4± 1 .3)℃、pH 8.0 3～8.37、盐度 3.6 3～ 4 .6 0的条件下 ,碱度对淡化幼虾毒性作用的 2 4 ,4 8和 96hLC50 分别为 1 2 .92 ,1 1 .1 6和1 0 .6 7mmol/L ,SC为 2 .5 0mmol/L。认为南美白对虾淡化幼虾对碱度的适应能力不如鲢、鳙、草鱼等淡水鱼类 ,可以养殖鲢、鳙的盐碱水域不一定也适宜幼虾生存 。

To understand the feasibility of transplanting Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei into carbonate saline-alkali waters of the Songnen Plain, northeast China, the adaptive capacity of desalinated juvenile shrimp to alkalinity was determined in natural saline-alkali water ( temperature:23.4 ±1.3℃; pH:8.03～8.37;salinity:3.63～4.60). The results showed that the 24, 48 and 96 hours LC 50 of the alkalinity on desalinated juvenile were 12.92, 11.16 and 10.67 mmol/L, respectively, and the safety concentration was 2.50 mmol/L. The adaptive capacity of desalinated juvenile shrimp to the alkalinity is poorer than freshwater fishes such as silver carp, big-head and grass carp. Carbonate saline-alkali waters in which the aforesaid fishes can be cultivated may not be suitable for the survival of desalinated juvenile shrimp, and the alkalinity is not the only limit factor.