超硬铝合金“强度—硬度”关系的分析

Relationship between Strength and Hardness in High Strength Al Alloys

强度和硬度之间的定量关系表是目前工厂中应用最广泛,而碰到问题又是最多的表格之一。在实际生产中,许多零件是根据硬度值来衡量其它力学性能的。但即使同种材料,在相同强度条件下,由于状态不同,也常常出现差别很大的硬度值。这样,就给终检带来诸多不便。本文通过大量比较试验,分析了在不同时效制度,不同原始状态下,超硬铝合金强度、硬度之间的关系,并利用TEM分析了不同状态下合金的显微组织,找出了影响这种关系的主要因素是沉淀相粒子的大小、组成及合金固溶处理前的变形条件。此外,还对硬度值分散的一些数据进行了分析。这样,为实际生产提供了许多可靠的、如何利用硬度估计强度的依据。

In order to give a clear quantitative relation between strength and hardness and find out those factorsinfluencing the relation, contrast experiments have been made,and oringinal conditions, ageing regimesand microstructures of Al alloys have been analyzed.The results show that the main factors influencingthe relation between strength and hardness are size and composition of precipitates, as well as oringinal de-form condition. Besides, unhomogeneity of micrestructure,especially in low strength condition,will alsodisturb the relation. Therefore, the investigation will give a way to estimate high-strength Al alloy'sstrength by the hardness measured in industrial production.