知识的认知心理学分析

A Cognitive Psychological Analysis on the Knowledge in Discourses

认知理论把话语看作是人类的一种社会活动，包括行动和互动，话语研究中称之为语言的使用。影响、支配语言使用的关键因素是使用者的知识，因此知识成为话语分析认知集合中的一个重要因素。知识并非认知心理学的专一研究对象，但认知心理学所涉及的领域无一不与知识问题相关。本文从知识的获取与贮存问题切入，重在探讨知识建构的机理与过程，而关于知识建构的理论描述则是知识利用理论的重要互补内容。

According to cognitive approaches, discourses are the social activities by human beings, including actions and interactions. In discourse studies, these social activities are known as language in use. Discourse analysts believe that it is the user's knowledge that influences and dominates the use of language. Therefore knowledge is accepted to be one of the important factors in the cognitive set concerning discourse analysis. Theoretically almost every aspect of cognitive psychology has to do with the issue of knowledge. However, this article only deals with the subject of knowledge acquisition and storage, with a focus on the mechanism and process by and in which knowledge is developed, leaving the issue of knowledge utilization for subject matter of another paper.