从反传统到回归传统——戊戌维新思想家晚年文化选择转向的原因探讨

From Anti-tradition to A Regression to Tradition——Causes for Changes in the Cultural Choice of Thinkers of the Reform Movement of 1898 in Their Later Years

戊戌维新运动是中国近代史上一次全面而又普遍的文化思想启蒙运动,维新派的核心人物和领导者康有为、梁启超以及维新运动的理论提供者严复都曾经以最为激进的反传统的姿态表明了他们的文化选择。然而,晚年的他们,政治态度和文化取向都无一例外发生了巨大的变化。这是一个令人费解的文化现象。文章拟从思想意识层面、现实政治斗争的需要层面、转型期中国知识分子的角色二重性以及民族身份认同和哲学解释等方面来论述这一近代文化史上具有普遍意义的转向问题。

The Reform Movement of 1898 is a thorough and universal enlightenment movement in culture and thought, whose leading figures, Kan You-wei, Liang Qi-chao and Yan Fu had once indicated their cultural choice in the most radical anti-traditional way. However, they had all, in their later years, changed much in their political attitude and cultural orientation, which is a bewildering cultural phenomenon. This paper attempts to probe in to the alteration of universal significance in the history of contemporary cuhure in terms of ideology, the necessity of actual political struggle, the duality of Chinese intellectuals during the transition period as well as the recognition of national identity and philosophical illustration, etc.