上海虹桥机场土壤及草丛动物群落特征和鸟类关系研究

Relationship between soil and grassland fauna characters and the birds in Hongqiao airport grassland,Shanghai

20 0 0年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 3月 ,对上海虹桥机场草地土壤动物和草丛动物群落的组成、数量和季节性变化特征进行了初步的研究。土壤动物有节肢动物门、软体动物门、环节动物门等 12个目或类。其中蜱螨目和弹尾目为常年土壤动物群落的优势类群 ,各占年总捕量的 19.75 %和 2 3.14 % ;蚯蚓、多足纲、等足目、膜翅目、鞘翅目为常见类群 ,5类全年占总捕量的 4 8.96 %。草丛动物有 15目或类。其中鞘翅目、直翅目、半翅目、同翅目、膜翅目、双翅目以及蜘蛛目为草丛动物群落的优势类群 ,占全年总捕量的89.6 3%。草丛动物类群数和个体数总体表现为 :7月 >9月 >5月 >4月 >12月 >3月。土壤动物和草丛动物的分布与生境密切相关。所捕的 2 2类草地动物中 ,可直接被鸟类捕食的有近 2 0类 ,主要为生活于草地常见类群中 ,因此 ,草地的生境以及草地动物的分布是吸引鸟类到机场栖息和摄食的主要原因。降低草高、减少结实的植物、控制土壤动物的密度是减少机场区鸟类数量的有效方法和途径。

Through ecological investigation, the composition,quantity and seasonal variation of the soil and grassland fauna communities were examined in Hongqiao airport Grassland, Shanghai. The preliminary correlation between soil or grassland fauna and birds was (preliminarily analyzed) completed. The results indicated that there were twelve groups of soil fauna, Arthropoda,Mollusca,Annelida etc. Acarina and Collembola were the main groups which made up for 19.75% and 23.14% of the total amount of catches in one year. Earthworm,Myriapoda,Isopoda,Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were common groups which made up for 48.96% of the total amount of catches in one year. There were fifteen groups of grassland fauna. Coleoptera,Orthoptera,Hemiptera,Homoptera, Hymenoptera,Diptera and Araneida were the dominant groups among them. They made up for 89.63% of the total amount of catches in one year. The quantity of groups and individuals of grassland fauna were as follows: July>September>May>April> December>March. The distribution of soil and grassland fauna was related to their circumstances. Relatively, there were more soil and grassland fauna in high grass area. There were 20 groups for birds to catch directly in the 22groups of grassland fauna, most of which were common groups in grassland. Therefore the main reasons for birds to stay in airport grassland were grassland circumstances and grassland fauna. Reducing grass in height, decreasing the quantity of the bearing plants and limiting the density of soil fauna were effective ways to decrease the number of birds around airport.