上海地区栽培的欧洲甜樱桃花器发育的观察

Development of Flower Organs in Sweet Cherry in Shanghai Area

为了探讨上海地区甜樱桃结实不良的原因 ,以 5年生欧洲甜樱桃 (PrunusaviumL .)为试验材料 ,就其花器发育状况进行了探讨。结果表明 ,上海地区生长的甜樱桃花芽形成良好 ,雌蕊、雄蕊外观形态无异常。花粉粒形态正常 ,发芽率达 5 0 %左右 ,但有 98 2 %的子房发育不正常 ,其中无胚珠分化的子房占 2 6 3% ,有胚珠而无胚囊分化的子房占 71 9%。胚珠、胚囊发育不良是上海甜樱桃不能正常结实的主要原因。

In order to explore the reason for poor fruit set in sweet cherry grown in Shanghai area,the development of flower organs was investigated with 5 year old sweet cherry( Prunus avium L.)trees which were planted in the research orchard of Shanghai Jiaotong University.Results showed that floral differentiation and appearance of stamen and pistil during their development were normal for sweet cherry in Shanghai area.The microscopic observations revealed that pollen developed well and pollen germination rate reached about 50%.However,98 2% of ovary failed to develop,among which there was 26 3% of ovaries without ovule,and 71 9% of ovaries with ovule but without embryo sac.The results indicated that undeveloped ovule and embryo sac are the main reason for poor fruit set of sweet cherry in Shanghai area.