桃花芽分化期蛋白质、氨基酸和碳水化合物含量的变化

Changes of protein, amino acid and carbohydrate during flower bud differentiation of peach

以6个不同需冷量桃品种为试验对象,采用石蜡切片法观察了花芽分化进程,并测定了花芽分化期与花芽着生在同一节位的叶片中的可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量。结果表明:随着品种需冷量的增加,不同品种花芽分化的各个阶段开始的时间有所推迟,萼片分化期所用的时间逐渐延长,雌蕊分化期所用的时间逐渐缩短,而花瓣和雄蕊分化期所用的时间差异不大。不同品种间叶片中代谢物质含量的变化总的趋势较为一致,代谢物质的含量受品种需冷量和外界生态环境因素共同影响。低需冷量桃品种花芽分化期叶片中的代谢物质的含量比长需冷量桃品种相对高些。综合两方面因素,低需冷量桃品种花芽分化的各个阶段时间较为充足,叶片对花芽的代谢物质的供应较为充足,从而使得其花芽分化质量较高;而长需冷量桃品种的情况则相反,所以使得其花芽分化的质量较低。

Six different chilling requirement peach varieties were adopted. The course of flower bud differentiation was observed and the contents changing of soluble protein, dissociate amino acid and soluble carbohydrate were measured in leaves at the same node with flower bud during flower bud differentiation. The results indicated that along with the increase of chilling requirement of varieties, each differentiation stage for different varieties was delayed, the sepal differentiation stage was extended, the pistil differentiation stage was shorten. The time difference of petal and stamen differentiation stages was little among different varieties. The general trend of the content changes on metabolize substance in leaves among different varieties was close. The contents of metabolize substance were effected both by chilling requirement and environment. The content of metabolize substance in leaves of low chilling requirement peaches was higher than that of the long chilling requirement ones. Integrating these two factors, for the low chilling requirement peach varieties, the time of each stage of differentiation and the provide of metabolize substance from leaves were enough, so the low chilling requirement peaches could get higher quality of flower bud differentiation. However, for the long chilling requirement peach varieties, the quality of flower bud differentiation was lower than the low chilling requirement peach varieties.