GIS应用于植烟土壤肥力分区及施肥区划的研究

The application of GIS in soil nutrients spacial distribution analysis and fertilization recommendation in tobacco

采用GPS和GIS技术研究了云南省玉溪市红塔区植烟土壤养分分布状况和施肥分区.结果表明,红塔区土壤有机质含量普遍较高,大部分地区含量大于1.5%,总体分布呈现从西北向东南逐渐降低的趋势.土壤速效氮的分布规律与有机质分布状况相似,60%以上的土壤速效氮含量高于95mgge/kg;东南部土壤速效氮含量较低,介于65～95mgkgg之间.大部分土壤速效磷含量大于20mg/kg;绝大部分土壤速效钾含量低于150 mg/kg,钾是本区域优质烤烟生产的主要限制因子.土壤中钙、镁和硫等中量元素含量比较丰富,但存在区域性分布不均匀的现象.土壤中硼和钼两种微量元素处于临界含量水平.锌、锰、铁和铜等微量元素平均含量水平较高,也存在土壤分布变异性较大的问题.土壤中水溶性氯离子含量低于植烟土壤含氯量最高限.同时,根据土壤中氮磷钾等主要养分的分布状况和丰缺程度,提出了该区域的4个施肥分区,并针对每个分区的特点给出了相应的6个烟草专用肥配方.

The spacial distribution of soil nutrients was studied at Hongta district of Yuxi city, Yunnan province by applying GPS and GIS technique. Results indicated that organic matter (OM) of soil is higher than 1. 5% in most areas of Hongta district, and decreased gradually from northwest to southeast. The spacial distribution of soil available nitrogen were similar to OM, the available nitrogen were higher than 95 mg/kg at more than 60% of research areas. The Olsen-P were higher than 20 mg/kg and available potassium less than 150 mg/kg in most of the areas studied. Potassium is the main limit nutrient in this district for tobacco production. The content of calcium, magnesium and sulphur in soil are relatively high, but distribution of these elements is asymmetrical in whole areas. The content of boron and molybdenum in soil is located in critical level. The concentration of dissolve chlorine is safe for tobacco growth. According to the content of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium in soil and distribution conditions of these nutrients, 4 fertilization regions could be defined and 6 special compounding fertilizer are recommended for these area.