混交林和纯竹林与毛竹害螨爆发成灾关系研究

On the causes of mite pest outbreaks in mono- and poly-cultured moso bamboo forests

报道在福建省 6个不同生态区域内检查 10对纯竹林与混交林受南京裂爪螨 (Schizotetranychusnanjingensis)、竹缺爪螨 (Aponychuscorpuzae)、竹刺瘿螨 (Aculusbambusae)对毛竹危害情况 .结果表明 ,纯竹林受螨害重 ,危害指数达 2 2 1%～ 4 4 7% ,平均 35 % .混交林受害轻 ,危害指数为 2 7%～ 2 8 6 % ,平均17 5 % ,混交林与纯竹林之间受害程度经t 测验表明均达到极显著差异 .6个样地中纯竹林害螨总量高于其相对的混交林 ,分别达 6 7 74 %、15 2 4 7%、2 99 5 %、85 7 75 %、331 6 7%、2 6 5 5 % ,平均为 2 89 2 8% ;调查混交林天敌竹盲走螨 (Typhlodromusbambusae)总量分别比相对纯竹林高 95 4 5 %、 - 18 13%、2 0 7 6 9%、837 5 %、190 3% ,平均 2 6 2 5 % .纯竹林中益、害螨比例分别达 1∶2 7、1∶2 1、1∶2 33、1∶2 82、1∶2 7,平均 1∶118,而其相对的混交林益、害螨比例为 1∶12、1∶12、1∶30、1∶3、1∶3、1∶2 0 ,平均 1∶13.由此可见 ,纯竹林受螨害程度、害螨总量平均是混交林的 2倍 ,而天敌数量少于相对混交林的 2～ 3倍 ,益、害螨比例显著低于混交林 (t=2 975 ,P =0 0 0 3) .本项研究揭示了由于受人为干扰 (集约化管理、劈草、垦复 )破坏了毛竹林原有的益螨—害螨—寄主植物之间相?

In this paper,the damage of phytophagous mites Schizotetranychus nanjingensis Ma & Yuan,Aponychus corpuzae Rimando and Aculus bambusae Kuang to moso bamboo (Phyllostaychs pubescens) was examined for ten pairs of mono- and poly-cultured forests at six locations in Fujian,China.The results showed that the mite damage in mono-cultured forests (35%) was twice as high as that in poly-cultured forests (17.5%<the injury level of 20%),and the difference was significant by t-test.The total pest mites in the mono-cultured forests at six locations in Fujian were 289.29% as high as those in the poly-cultured stands.Typhlodromus bambusae,a nature enemy in the poly-cultured forests at five locations in Fujian,was 262.5% as high as that in the mono-cultured forests.The proportion of pest mite and nature enemy in the mono-cultured forests was 1:118,but was 1:13 in the poly-cultured forests.The change of bamboo cultivation (mono-culture,crowding of bamboo plants,and removal of underfloor plants) might be the major cause of mite pest outbreaks in moso bamboo forests.